Slide hammer



H. G. KREIS 1,903,548

SLIDE HAMMER April 11, 1933.

Filed Jan. 26, 1932 Patented Apr. 11, 1933 w l UNITE STATES I GAILKREIS', OF'CLEVELAND, OHiO SLIDE HAMMER Application filed January '26,1932. Serial No, 589,022.

a .An essential object of the presentinvention isthe delivery of .amaximum stress under the blowof a sliding hammer and incident theretothe elimination of bindingzand-frictional resistance to thesliding'movement of the hammer.

Another object is therpr-ovision .ofparts affording such'an anchorage tothepart to be stressed that substantially direct stress is deliveredthough thehammer blow be directed to the Withdrawal of the object actedupon.'

; In'greater detail, the objects of the present 7 invention includeprovision for effective access to parts otherwise not easily accessible,and the exertion of hammerblow withdrawing strains on such parts onlines substantially coincident with the longitudinal axis of the hammer.e i V With these and further objects in view as will in part hereinafterbecome apparent and in part be stated, the invention includes areciprocating hammer, a guiding rod therefor, and means carried bythe'rod for engaging a part to be withdrawn in position for locatingsuch part with the line of its travel substantially coincident with andcontinuous of the line' of' movement of the hammer in approaching theblow-deliveringposition. l

The invention further includes-in such a 39 combination the employmentof an offset portion to facilitate such alinement, and still furtherincludes thin, pronged bifurcations for facilitating application inotherwise inaccessible positions.

for obtaining the results of the combinative action of a sliding hammerengaging a ham mer rod, the two beingshaped relative-to,

each other for enablingthe hammerto slide to on longitudinal edges soas'to afford only the specti've view of the coupling'end of the rodThe-invention also includes'the provision" parts as subsequently slidehammer embodying the featuresof the presentinvention in one of thesimpler forms; -,:Figure 2 is an end view thereof; looking at the j awend with the coupling sleeve of the embodiment of Figure fiiillustratedas 41P- 56, I

plied. 1 F'gure 3 is a transverse, horizontal section through the hammermember and the bar on Which it is mounted with the hammer membercentered with respect to the bar. I i Figure 4 is a similar view ofthe'same with the hammer member in that .slidingl contact ordinarilyassumed during, a stroke of "the hammer; 'i YFigure 5 is an enlarged,detailed, frag} mentary, sectional elevation showing the integralformation of the hammer-blow-receiving terminus or knob on thaten'd ofthe slide hammer rod opposite to the jaw.1

Figure 6;.is a viewsimilar-to Figure 1 of a furtherembodiment oftheinvention including features providing for thedetachable mounting ofthejaw. v V a Figure 7 is a longitudinal, vertical section-through theretaining sleeve ofthef7 parts seen in Figure 6, the coupled. ends ofthe rodand jaw being seen in elevation; -Figure 8 is a detailed,fragmentary perorjaws a v a a '30 Figure 9 is a view similar to Figure 3of a a slightly modified embodiment whereinethe lines of contact are,providedlby the polysided bore of the handle as. the reverse ofthepolysided rod. 1 Pi 1 In the industrial art of slide hammers,*it

has been common. practice to provide a. rod

and a hammer slidingly mounted thereon i and retained againstdetachmentfrom the rod with parts so constructed andlocated 9 0 astojenable the hammer to contact after sliding movement andftherebydeliver a hammer blow to thecontacted part, which part is customarilyeither the rod itselfor a detent carried thereby, and such; common vpractice has included the ,employmentof' .jprojecting claws and returnhooks. In the return: hook type, it-h-asibeen'proposed to employ thehookfor fwithdrawing objects,

such' as-cotter pins, under-hammer blow's,

but in the instances of such proposed ar-- rangement the hook has beenoffset laterally of the shaft or rod, and the withdrawing stresshas,therefore, been delivered not only I off-center but subject to a certaindegree of torque incident to the off-center condition which largelydetracts from the, force of the withdrawing or retra'ctileblow, so thatthe proposed devices have not been adapted heretofore to the removal ofparts requiring a very substantial stress for'detac'hment,

such as the removal offrozen or seized gears, nor has any provisionheretofore been proposed, so far as known tome, for adapting the'hook orother parts of a slide hammer for engagement with anysuch gears or likeparts offering but a minimumopportunity of accessibility and requiringvery substantial stress for removal. The'present invention providesfacilities 1 foradapting a slide hammer for efl'ective use in theremoval of difficultly accessibleparts requiring substantial stressesfordetachment.

- nails.

, the rod 1 by-swaging,'asby the operation of a" machine quitesimilarilto that common- 1y. employed as a'lheader for .screws and Ithas heretofore been proposed in slide :hammer" construction toapply anut threaded onto the hammer shaft-to receive theblows of theaslide'hammer, but my experience-over a wide rangeof actual practice hasconvinced me that threads will'not endure continued or repeated use as:the

shocks and stresses invariably and all too 'soon'either strip thethreads or crystallize them, or otherwise cause the nut .to loosen and:come off, and I-myself haveproposed heretofore to anchor a shoulder orknob corresponding to the knob 3v by, swaging ,a reduced-shank .of' the:rod extending through the knob, but even this latter constructionhas'not been satisfactory and :in somefin stances has, given way andallowed. release Yofthe knob. Obviously, as soon-asthe knob is detached.from the rod or shaft, of the hannner, the hammer becomes utterlyuseless for-"its intended purpose Thus, I findthe integral formation oftheI -shaft,;as by the swagingof a knob 3,-the mostdependable andmostnearly permanent-mode of construction. In this connection, however,

,will ,be. noted that the hammer 2 cannot be applied onto thehammer rodafter'the head or .kn'ob- 3 has been formed when the parts areconstructed as seen in Figure 1, because of the obstruction at theopposite end of the rod, and when the hammer is constructed as seen inFigure 1, special provision must be made for accommodating theinconvenience of the presence of the hammer 2 on the rod during theswaging up operation which produces the knob 3. This difiiculty isovercome in the embodiment seen in F igure 6, as will be later pointedout.

At the oppositeen'd of rod 1 from knob 3,

the material of the rod is flattened to a thinness affordingadaptability for introduction into slots, spaces or openings which arerelatively thin, and the flattened portion is bent into an offset orloop 4 and then extended laterally in the. form of prongs 5,-5, the saidterminal portion beingbifurcated to provide axis of rod 1, wherebyhammer stressesex erted on such work willbe delivered substan tially inthe line of and continuous of the corresponding axis of such work. (SeeFigure 2.) l 1 Asclearly seen from Figures 3. and 4, the

borev of hammer-2 through which the. rod 1 extendsis cylindrical, sothat at. all places it presents curved surface to the'rod and the rodbeing polysided presents the meeting edges of its several faces asspaced lines for contact. It should be"apparent,particularly from Figure4-, that the curvedsurface of the bore of hammer 2 cannot contact withmore than two of these lines at one time,and thus thefrictionalresistanceof one body: sliding upon another is reduced to the absoluteminimum. V The bore is made sufiicientlylarge for free play of thehammer on the rod, but the fact that curved surfaces engagenierelongitudinal lines of contact precludesanysuch binding action asfrequently occurs where a cylindrical sleeve rides on a; cylindrical rodand is tilted laterally relative to the rod. I

Furthermore, the curved wall of the bore of the hammer is not onlyspaced from all parts of the rodexcept for the twolines of (ion tact.during actual operation but from time 'to time the said curved wallsnaturallycontact at different places socthat there is:no likelihood ofthe wearing of grooves into the wall ofthe bore: of the hammer.Furthermore,.the rod 1 and its connectedpartsas above described, and thehammer are all carepreventing such wear as .to appreciably in: creasethe width of the lines oficontact' between the sleeve hammer and the rodIn this connection it should be borne in.

mind that as a matter of inexpenslveness and convenience'of manufacture,the rod .1 is

provided for the sliding engagement of the sleeve hammer and widesurface contact is accordinglyavoided; In Figure 9:is seen the slidesleeve hammer 2a mounted on the slide hammer'rod 1a, the rod beingcylindrical instead of polysided, and the bore of the hammer beingprovided with the edges affording the individual and narrow lines ofcontact, as by forminga polysided bore 2?) within the sleeve hammer 2a.'-While the costof eonstructing the sleeve hammer 2a, and, therefore,the cost of constructing thewhole device after. the manner seen inFigure 9, is substantially greater than that of the structure seen inFigure 1, the operation will be substantially identical. The hammer isadapted for almost i11- numerable'uses, suchas the freeing of stuckvalves, removal of small gears'and-pulleys,

including timing gears and sprockets, the removal of rusted brake camrods, the withdrawal of shackle bolts, the detaching of instancesnecessary, 'to' rotate the hammer, from one sideof the part to the otherbetween mainbearing caps, and practically an endless list of otherdevices. 'When freeing upstuck valves, particularly of the overheadtype, the jaw or part made up of=prongs5 and the connection therebetweenis placed under the'spring retainer between two of the helices of thespring, and an up-thrust is imparted to the sleeve'hammer Q, which,'onstriking the knobor shoulder 3, delivers a lifting blow on the valve. Ifthe valve is not released, the blow is repeated until the valve returnsto its normal position, and if the valve then'showsa"tendency'to-stick,r repeating the hammer blow action under theconditions stated will cause the valve stem to free itself in theguideand furtherdifficulty with the valve 'Will cease. With valves of theL-head' type of motors, the jaw of the present improved slide hammer isinserted under the'head of the valve, andthe operation is then carriedout as just stated. To remove small gears or pulleys, the generator,

starter, distributor, or other lnechanical'part is firmly held as in avise, and the jawsare inserted behind the part being removed, and thenthe hammeringoperation is carried out until the gear'or pulleyi's'detachedc Inre moving timing gearsand sprockets, or any other partswhich ,must be withdrawn :accurately axially, it is desirable, and, inmost alternating blows, and in this Way thevvithdrawalm'ov'ement is keptsubstantiallyuniform. To 'removerruste'd brake camurods,

the carwheel is removed, and the brake cam I preferably saturated with agood solvent oil,

and then the jaws of tlie hainmer areiintro duced behind thecamand thewithdrawal movement accomplished,- as above stated.

Shackle bolts can :be; removedwthrough the 7 Oil doorways commonlyprovidedin the:r un-- ning board splash apr'on though theEboltis' arenot thus accessible tothe-ordinary ham;

mer ortwo previously provided instruments.

In removing engine main bearings which-are embedded or of thefiushtype,; two of! the bolts removed fromthe pan should be'threadi ed firmlyinto each part, and. the aws ofithe hammerfshould then be; introducedback! of the head of the first one-of the bolts and then the otheralternately While, delivering ham mer, blows successivelyso thattheucapwill be slipped out ofthe socket in a straightline, Many otheradvantageous usesexist forpthe be found from timetotime. :3

presentimproved hammerfand others will".

preferably approximately one-fourth thick as the thickness of the shank,or rod-1,. and it is especially desirable thajta com v paratively thinjaw be provided, as shown,

to enable access between gears and other places: where the clearance isreducedor otherwise very slight.

In Figures 6, :7, and: 8cthe samel identical parts are illustrated asabove described, andare, therefore given the same reference nu meralswith theunderstanding that the fore,

going description appliesequally except that the rodvl is made in twosections whichar e rendered easily detachable but firmly and;effectivelylocked together during use; The

jaw 5 with its lateral loop tibec'omes a detachable tool by formingtherod l into sepa-f V rable sections joined byhaving each, section Iprovided with a recess-7 and an outstanding portion 8 adapted to snuglyfitthe recess, 7

of the other section." The parts 7 andr8 are readily brought laterally:together and are preferably proportioned to'have a verysnug,

tight fit; A lockingi sleeve "9 is preferably slipped onto the mainportion ofrod lrbefore the interlock 7 and 8 is broughttogether, andwhen the interlock is brought together,iiso

that the tool is thusconnected toqthe rod,lthe

sleeve 9 is moved down over thejo'int between the two sections, asclearlyfindicated Fig scribed with respectto the": structure seen in thestructure seenvin Figure 1 desires to use .ure 6, and the sleevethus[eflectivelywserves to supplement thefconnection andlock the partstogethera SOfthat the resulting structure] is adapted for all purposesto function as dehis' 'hammer for tamping purposes, as for tap-ping agear back onto a shaft'where the r driving fit requires somevsubstantial pressure, hemay place the flat, exposed face'of the jawagainst the gear and then strike the. curved part ofthe loop 4: with theend of sleeve hammer 2. This, of course',delivers a reverse stress fromthat generally intended "for the functioning of the hammenor, in

other words,'it delivers a direct hammering stress, and this sometimesis deslred as a mat 7 ter off avoiding the necessity for other tools forthat purpose. When such tamping ac-v 'tion is needed with the structureasseen in 15 Figure 6, the sleeve 9 will move under the tapping ofsleeve hammer 2 down into a seated position against the curve of theloop Ar -and willremain there offering its upper end as a circularshoulder orseat against whichthe sleeve hammer 2 may act, and thus thetamping blows may be delivered effectively at as'high pressure asrequired without danger of injuring the parts. The movement of thesleeve Qcan be avoided by placing the sleeve in the first place downagainst the curve where it can move no further outwardtoward thejalw,'and the sleeve of course is of sufiicient length to still remainoverlapping the upper end of the coupled joint between-the two sectionsof the rod.

' It willbe readily observed that bythe pro vision of a detachablecoupling several advantages are gained. Should one of the V prongsof'jaw 5 break, or any other injury the head 3 is to be formed willoccur to the tool part,'a' new jaw or tool may be supplied and it isalso feasible-to; apply other forms of tools, such as may beffounddesirable, for use in connection with the action of the slidehammerzeither for direct hammer blows or for retracting hammer blows." mi Furthermore, there is'a direct combinative relation between theintegral knob or shoul- I der 8 and the detachable feature of the jaw 5,because by virtue of the jaw 5 being made detachable, that partof'therod 1 on which be introduced into the swaging machine or header,and the shoulder-or knob 3 formed up Without having the sleeve hammer 2present, and also in the absence of the sleeve 9 and the jaw 5. 1 Theseparts mayv readily be applied after the swagr ing operation;Furthermore, with, this detachable coupling arrangement, the tool or jawmay (be readily diflferently: tempered from the tempering of the mainportion of the rod, according to the work to be performed.

:It will be readily understood that the sleeve 9'is held frictionallyagainst displacement,-being proportioned to snugly engage the rod 1, butto be capable of, movement when tapped with a hammer. IAnappropriate'detent to prevent creeping of the sleeve 9, not illustrated,may be provided, {(such as a bearing-ball embedded in the rod andoutstanding laterally thereof sufficiently to frictionally resist butnot prohibit driven movement of the sleeve) but my observation coveringthousands of hammers provided with the sleeve 9 is thatthesleeveunderall ordinary conditions of userernains'in' place under itsown' frictional engagement with the rod itself withoutflthe requirementofa. sup: plementing detent;

This application isa continuation. in; part of my co-opendingapplication Serial N0. 466,288, filed July 7,1930, this, applicationbeing presented to enable a full disclosure and a more'complete andaccurate showing of matters partly omitted fromvand. partly in:

sufliciently set forth in my said co-pending application, which matterswere part of my invention and successfully used by me in the UnitedStates prior to the filing of said co pending application and omittedfromand insufiicientlyishown therein because of my unfamiliarity withthe requirements'for de tailed disclosure in a patent application,W'hatis claimedis:- .1 1; In slide'h'ammer construction, the'combinationof arod havinga stoptoreceive'a' hammer blow, and a hammer slidinglymounted on the rod todeliver such hammer blow, larly or rotate relativeto the rod, and the the hammer being free to move angusliding engagementbetween the hammer and I rod being limited to spaced lines of contact.

- 2. The c'ombinationas claimedin claim 1 whereinone of the two parts isformed with a plurality of edges providing the said lines of contact. r3. The combinationras adapted to be engaged by said curved surface,

6. In'slide hammer: construction, the combination of a polysided rodhaving a stop, and a sleeve hammer mounted on the rod to cooperate with1 said stop, the bore of the sleeve hammer being formed With a curvedsurface presented to the edges of the rod produced by the meeting-of itsmultiple sides.

7. The combination as claimed in claim '1 wherein the rodand hammer aretempered sufficiently to resist Wearalongthe lines of contact and toproportionally reduce frictional engagement alongisaidlines. i 8. In'slide hammer construct'on,

claimed in claim 1' wherein the hammer 1s a sleeve surroundlng ebinatlon of a rod having a stop to receivea hammer blow and a sleevehammer slidingly and rotatively engaging the rod to move along the sameto deliver a hammer blow to said stop, one ofthe adjacent surfacesbetween the hammer. and the rod being circular transversely oftherod andthe other being polysided to present spaced longitudinal ed es ofcontact, Y

n testimony whereof I aflix my signature.

HARRY GAIL KR-EIS.

